PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.
